18. The differences in quality and quantity of incidental language/learning experiences that children who are deaf or hard of hearing may experience.

a. Comprehensive

b. Bilingual-Bicultural

'97 e.g., (1) See Standards 3-1, 11-2, & 16-2. (2) Understand basic concepts regarding the nature of language. (3) Understand the theories and applications of second language teaching. (4) Understand the basic concepts regarding the natural effects of contacts between languages and the implications of this information for the instructional program. (5) Identify and understand regional, social, and developmental varieties in the child's language(s) at the cherelogical (phonological equivalent), morphological, grammatical, and lexical levels. (6) Understand the relationship and difference between ASL and existing communication modes.

c. Oral/Aural

'97 e.g., Knowledge of the English language; its semantics, pragmatics, and syntax.