Keywords: Information, Deafness Related Issues, Deaf Culture and History
Date: Fri, 6 Sep 1996 10:03:44 -0700
Reply-To: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
Sender: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
From: Audra Eckes Subject: History of sign vs. aural/oral
To: Multiple recipients of list EDUDEAF Anyone know offhand when the sign/ASL advocates started speaking out for
the deaf community? When were signing educational approaches readily
available/popular? When did the Total Communication approach start? I'm
trying to explain in a paper why many deaf adults aren't quite fluent in
ASL, as they were not introduced until adults or teens because of the
oral/aural approach popularity for what seems like since the beginning of deaf
education. I don't think I need to go much further than that in my paper,
but I'm curious for myself.
I do know that it's only recently that ASL has begun to be looked upon as a
separate language, but when did the Deaf actually begin using it? What are
the percentages of children educated in each way now? How does this
compare to, say 30 years ago? 20? 10? I would imagine that enrollment in
solely oral/aural programs is declining, but I could be wrong... Just some
thoughts.
Thanks for any info that might satisfy my curiosity.
Information Home Page Document: 1 2 3 4
Date: Fri, 6 Sep 1996 16:11:49 -0400
Reply-To: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
Sender: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
From: Vicki Barwig Subject: Re: History of sign vs. aural/oral
To: Multiple recipients of list EDUDEAF In-Reply-To: I think that "advocates" have been speaking out about the various ways of
educating Deaf children (that we can document) since the establishment of
public education for the Deaf in France. I'm bad with dates; maybe the
early 1800's or late 1700's?
>I do know that it's only recently that ASL has begun to be looked upon as a
separate language, but when did the deaf actually begin using it? What are
the percentages of children educated in each way now? How does this
compare to, say 30 years ago? 20? 10? I would imagine that enrollment in
solely oral/aural programs is declining, but I could be wrong... Just some
thoughts.
If you want to read a historical novel, try When the Mind Hears by Harlan
Lane, which gives a pretty good narrative of Deaf education in America.
A Place of Their Own, by John Vickrey Van Cleve and Barry A. Crouch is a
more "text book"-like account of Deaf history, which highlights the
history of Deaf education in a few chapters.
Never The Twain Shall Meet (I'm not sure who wrote that) gives details
about the manual/oral debate in the early 1900's (I believe).
People began researching ASL as a seperate language in the late 1960's,
when Stokoe (hearing professor at Gallaudet) suspected that there was more
than broken English and gestures happening in Deaf people's communication.
Oralism began to become more popular (world-wide after the infamous Milan
Conference in 1880, but has been on a decline since 1970, when Total
Communication was introduced into schools. Currently, we are also seeing
a rise in bi-lingual/bi-cultural schools for the Deaf, which support the
use of ASL as the language of instruction, English as a language for
reading and writing, and an appreciation of both Deaf and Hearing
cultures. There are several bi/bi schools now: Indiana School for the
Deaf, Maryland School for the Deaf, California School for the Deaf in
Freemont, Texas School for the Deaf, and The Learning Center for Deaf
Children in Framingham Massachusetts. Austine Deaf School (Vermont) and
the Ohio School for the Deaf are also transitioning into bi/bi programs,
although change is slow. (I should add that the Maryland School for the
Deaf is a bilingual program, but not a bicultural program, according
to their philosophy/language policy.)
There is also at least one bilingual/bicultural teacher training program
(Master's degree) in Maryland at Western Maryland College. This was one
of the first colleges that welcomed Deaf adults with open arms in this
century. (Many schools would only accept late-deafened who could speak or
hard of hearing adults.)
If you want a more complete bibliography, I can give you one, that way you
can check my dates, which are always subject to question.
-Vicki
Information Home Page Document: 1 2 3 4
Date: Fri, 6 Sep 1996 18:48:13 -0400
Reply-To: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
Sender: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
From: Gina Tanza Subject: Re: History of sign vs. aural/oral
To: Multiple recipients of list EDUDEAF Another teacher training program (Master's level) that has a
bilingual-bicultural philosophy (for at least 15 years) is Boston University.
Information Home Page Document: 1 2 3 4
Date: Sat, 7 Sep 1996 14:46:33 -0400
Reply-To: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
Sender: A Practical Discussion List Regarding Deaf Education
From: Mcfdyn@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: History of sign vs. aural/oral
To: Multiple recipients of list EDUDEAF Signing educational approaches were in vogue in the 1800's before the
conference of Milan (1880). when Gallaudet first brought LeClerc over to
start a school for the deaf, it was a signing school. Also a large deaf
group on Martha's vineyard was using sign early on, and the hearing people
used it also.
You might want to look at:
Sorry to be so vague, but I'm at home and don't have these references handy.
kathy
Uploaded by: Melissa Close/Kent State University/Deaf Education Major
audralynne@earthlink.net
Document 2 of 4
vb@truxton.com
Document 3 of 4
Document 4 of 4
What (When?)the mind hears by Harlan Lane
Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language by ?????
For Hearing People Only Matther Moore and???
Donald Moores book (Educating the Deaf???
san antonio
mcfdyn@aol.com